Civil Rights : Indigenous peoples |
Continuing struggle of native Americans and indigenous people in other countries for equal opportunity and social justice; impact on same of “imperial” designs of colonizing powers
10/22/08 Algonquin Indians in Quebec are treated to large doses of pain compliance:. A road blockade north of Montreal to protest intrusion of development projects onto traditional Algonquin lands is met with forceful removal of the protesters, including young girls sitting in the middle of a road with coloring books, and their post-arrest treatment is called "pain compliance" by the police, though most observers would probably call it just plain torture. http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/10/pain-compliance-as-indigenous-relations/
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Analysis & views: 10/22/08 Algonquin Indians in Quebec are treated to large doses of pain compliance:. A road blockade north of Montreal to protest intrusion of development projects onto traditional Algonquin lands is met with forceful removal of the protesters, including young girls sitting in the middle of a road with coloring books, and their post-arrest treatment is called "pain compliance" by the police, though most observers would probably call it just plain torture. http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/10/pain-compliance-as-indigenous-relations/ 10/3/08 Mexican government, with U.S. help, is said to be using the pretext of a "war on drugs" to launch attacks on Zapatista autonomy in Chiapas. 8/22/08 Indigenous people in Brazil's Amazon region are bracing for a Supreme Court ruling that could continue to allow rice farmers to operate on that they consider "their" land. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=43631 7/31/08 In Colombi, 28 indigenous groups are on the brink of extinction. So reports the Permanent People's Tribunal, noting that 18 of these groups now have fewer than 100 members. The PPT blames "the Colombian government, as well as other armed actors and national and transnational sectors" for what they call a situation of near-genocide. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=43343 7/15/08 "You are on Indian land" cries heard again in southern Ontario as Six Nations natives protest building of insulation factory in Brantford on land which is part of a native land claims case against the government. http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=654424 5/3/08 Indigenous Guarani land claims in Bolivia are pursued amidst charges that people in some villages are held in state of virtual slavery. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42210 4/12/08 Indigenous people of Venezuela are suffering from the expropriation of their land and the assault on their life styles by oil and cattle interests. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41953 4/7/08 Lubicon native people in northern Alberta object to plans to build a 185 mile section of the TransCanada pipeline across their sovereign lands. They dispute with the oil companies that promote the pipeline whether there has been the required "consultation" with themselves, as the pipeline promoters say, in effect: we've asked you for comments, you have delayed in providing them, we "couldn't wait" for your answers. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=8571 4/6/08 Indigenous people of Amazon forest are seeking a "place at the table" of international efforts to reduce global warming by schemes for forest preservation. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/world/americas/06brazil.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin 3/25/08 Bolivians are defiant of international narcotics control forces in their growing of coca plants: Indigenous people of the Andes have grown coca for centuries and have integrated its use into native health and welfare practices, including the chewing of coca leaves with medicinal effects that include combatting fatigue and altitude sickness. Coca cultivation is vital to the agrarian economy of the country and recent efforts at international control are being resisted as violations of their sovereignty as guaranteed by UN Declarations. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41708 3/1/08 Indigenous peoples in Brazil are in conflict with large landholders in their claims to rights in ancestral homelands. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41422 3/1/08 Indigenous peoples in Brazil are in conflict with large landholders in their claims to rights in ancestral homelands. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41422 2/26/08 Chilean police kill Mapuche activist in hunger strike protests associated with country's attempt to implement Chile's joining of UN Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples. http://www.latinamericapress.org/article.asp?IssCode=&lanCode=1&artCode=5478 2/15/08 Leaders of South Pacific nations hail Australia's apology to its aboriginal people even as they downplay its relevance to the ethnic situation in their own countries. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41209 2/14/08 Right wing militia group with an agenda of suppression of the "criminality" allegedly associated with the gypsy population rises to the fore in Hungary and becomes the focus of efforts to ban its activities as being "fascist" in nature. http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0213/p07s02-woeu.html?page=1 2/11/08 As Canadian government frames a promised "apology" to natives for its Indian school policy, natives complain they are being left out of the process of drafting the apology http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080211.wnatives11/BNStory/National/home 1/30/08 Australia will officially "apologize" to its aboriginal inhabitants for the "lost generation" of forced assimilation of its children and will pledge assistance in improving their social condition but not pay reparations. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7216873.stm 1/20/08 People of indigenous Bri Bri community of Costa Rica complain of persistent discrimination from the country's white elite. http://www.latinamericapress.org/article.asp?IssCode=&lanCode=1&artCode=5443 1/7/08 Australian government agrees to apologize but not compensate for a "lost generation" of Aborigines children. http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080107/wl_afp/australiaaboriginenative 11/26/07 In Canada, aboriginal youth have a 50% drop-out rate from school, and a new report says this costs billions of dollars in labor productivity. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071126.wnativeeducation26/BNStory/National/home 11/12/07 Australian government officials' "intervention" on alleged child abuse in aboriginal territories results in an allegation against themselves: that they built a toilet on aboriginal sacred ground. http://au.news.yahoo.com/070817/2/147s4.html 9/25/07 Inuit in the Arctic demand a "meaningful voice" in the future of the region: As international competition for control of oil-rich Arctic heats up, the indigenous people are asserting their own claims to the area http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0925/p04s01-woeu.html 9/19/07 Australian aborigines are locked in continuing battle with a natural history museum in London for the "repatriation" of the remains of their ancestors. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=39311 9/14/07 Indigeneous advocates in Canada decry the government's failure to ratify the UN Declaration on aboriginal rights. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070914.windigenous14/BNStory/National/home 7/4/07 Celebration of soccer victory by a native band in Vancouver B.C. turns into a police assault in which many people were pepper-sprayed. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070704.wbcpepper04/BNStory/National/home 6/30/07 Ontario Provincial Police congratulate themselves on "staring down" rather than using violence against Mohawk Indians who staged a protest along one of Canada's most-travelled roads. However, the road was closed down, which was the aim of the protesters. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070630.whowto0629/BNStory/National/home 6/29/07 Major road linking Toronto and Montreal is closed by Mohawk Indians protest action ahead of Canada-wide day of aboriginal protests. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2007/06/29/aboriginal-action.html 4/21/07 Indian protests of use of ancestral lands outside Toronto for development projects lead to shutdown of rail system in the city. http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=48391643-69e5-426f-b4d5-a8ba1d3819bd 2/6/07 Canadian Indian Affairs Minister defends government's curtailment of funding for Indian programs, saying "cash" will not solve their "plight." http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070206.wxnatives06/BNStory/National/home 12/8/06 Legacy of corporate imperialism: Drilling operations by Chevron Texaco in the Ecuadorian rain-forest from 1964-1992 produced toxic waste dumps that devastate health of natives to this day. An indigenous tribe, the Cofan, have undertaken a damage claim against the company, which has seemingly dragged out a final settlement of the case to avoid what is likely to be a large fine. http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=62&ItemID=11578 12/7/06 Protests from several African nations have delayed promulgation of the international declaration of indigenous rights. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414124 11/16/06 Members of O'odham tribe in U.S. and Mexico charge EPA with "environmental racism" for permitting the dumping of toxic materials near tribal communities in Arizona and Mexico. http://www.unobserver.com/layout5.php?id=2820&blz=1 10/12/06 From a native American perspective, Columbus Day commemorates the imperalist enterprise by means of which the Indians of America were subjugated. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413785 8/4/06 Choco Indian woman from Panama travels to Maine to consult with Penobscot Indians on developing a crafts industry for her native tribe. http://www.bangornews.com/news/templates/?a=138298 6/6/06 Fighting against resistance from landowners, Bolivia is turning over land to poor Indians. http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/bolivia-hands-over-land-to-indians/2006/06/04/1149359605944.html
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Analysis & views: 10/22/08 Yakima Indians in Washington are considering a "guest worker" program that would permit non-Indians to work on their reservation. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008295673_yakama22.html 10/14/08 A Columbus Day reflection by a Native American activist. American school children need to be taught that Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 not to "discover" America but to open it up to European conquest and exploitation. Children, can you spell g-e-n-o-c-i-d-e? http://www.progressive.org/mp/rollo101308b.html 7/31/08 American Indians have high rates of crime victimization: But who are the perpetrators? Federal statistics on crime show that Indians are most often the victims of crimes committed by non-Indians. But a South Dakota study suggests overwise for that state, most crime being Indian-on-Indian. Part of the reason for the difference may be that Indians are a larger percentage of the SD population; elsewhere Indians may be a tiny minority exposed to criminal actions of others. Another reason is the way the federal and SD statistics were compiled. The federal study uses a victim survey method of asking people if they have been victims of crime, whether or not they have reported these to the police. The SD study uses only reported crime and, given their minority status, Indians may be less likely to report a crime when the perpetrator is a non-Indian. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096417794 7/31/08 California tribe, population 202, seeks large casino. The Habematolel Pomos, a landless tribe, gets Bureau of Indian Affairs approval to construct a casino a few miles from their ancestral home. 7/27/08 Indians in Oklahoma observe the 100th anniversary of federal legislation that inaugurated a "land grab" by means of which their land ownership was transferred to the white settlers in the nation's newest state. http://newsok.com/after-years-land-grab-still-hurts-for-some/article/3275339/?tm=1217135964 3/23/08 Maine Indian leader, indicted on corruption charges, had a history of questionable practices as tribal leader which were ignored over the years as he continually was re-elected to office. http://bangornews.com/news/t/news.aspx?articleid=161986&zoneid=500 2/29/08 New Mexico Governor enters fight over whether Oklahoma-based Apache Indian tribe can open a gambling casino inNew Mexico. http://newsok.com/article/3210118/1204267864 2/14/08 Tribal gaming operations falter in Connecticut as Moody's considers downgrading the credit rating for one casino operator. 1/25/08 Trial ends in Denver with "mixed verdicts" including small fines against native American protesters against last October's Columbus Day parade. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096416524 1/21/08 California voters on Feb 5 will decide on proposed massive expansion of Indian casino gambling in the state, a move touted as essential to solve the state's revenue shortfall. http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p03s01-uspo.html 1/5/08 Lakota/Sioux tribal leaders say they do not support the effort of activist Russell Means to have the tribe withdraw from treaties with the U.S., although they admit that the U.S. has violated those treaties. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096416411 12/23/07 Maliseet Indians are working for changes in Maine laws which will clarify and extend their rights of self-determination. http://bangornews.com/news/t/news.aspx?articleid=158071&zoneid=500 12/18/07 U.S. Indian Health Service is sued for failure to allocate funds for native American health care in Alaska, and will have to pay up to $48 million under a court settlement. http://www.adn.com/front/story/9525979p-9436780c.html 10/26/07 Native Hawaiians at odds with Bush administration over their proposals for federal action to establish government structures to deal with their problems. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096416001 10/20/07 Cancer incidence is declining for native Americans, but more funding for screening programs is still urgently needed. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415969 10/8/07 A Columbus Day reflection:. American culture still "celebrates" a legacy of suppression of native Americans on the basis of a terra nullius (empty land) concept that depicts any seizure of Indian lands and waters as a justified appropriation of "unused" natural resources. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415874 10/3/07 Red Sox player who is first person of Navajo descent in the major leagues is making an impact on late season action. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/1003/p20s01-ussc.html 9/24/07 Racial tensions running high in small Maine town after "hate crimes" arrests for attacks on two Passamaquoddy Indian youth. http://www.bangornews.com/news/t/downeast.aspx?articleid=154545&zoneid=177 9/21/07 Drinking problems of Navajo on and off the reservation are highlighted by the sea of crosses along Arizona highways where people have been killed. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415740 7/3/07 Native Americans livelihoods at stake as maintenance of power dams on the Klamath River is debated. Coalition of native tribes in Oregon and California and environmentalists is seeking to remove the threat of destruction of a native economy based on salmon harvesting as damming of the river disrupts their spawning. Their efforts range from attempts to elicit the social conscience of Warren Buffett at a shareholders meeting of PacifiCorps to lobbying regulatory agencies against the relicensing of the company's power project. http://www.alternet.org/environment/55587/?page=1 7/3/07 Advocate for a Native American casino at Middleboro MA observes what he believes is rampant racism among some in the anti-casino movement http://www.capitolhillblue.com/~capitolh/cont/node/2823 6/23/07 Indian reservation in Utah passes law prohibiting trespass on Indian lands by non-members of the tribe. http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,680193278,00.html 6/9/07 "Slow motion massacre" of indigenous cultures is decried at a "language summit" in Washington state. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415178 5/25/07 Tragic impact of conquest of North America on native American tribes is featured in new HBO movie based on classic documentary, "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee." http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415050 5/17/07 Cherokee NC tourism season to kick off with many Cherokee tribal events in addition to the usual attraction of the casino. http://www.citizen-times.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200770516118 5/16/07 Tribal leaders in North Dakota say they need a tripling of police force in order to combat methamphetamine abuse on reservations. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414999 5/4/07 Happy (?) birthday Jamestown, VA. As Queen Elizabeth leads a parade of notables attending festivities marking 400th anniversary of the English settlement, there's a new mood of introspection and doubt about the legacy of Indian subjugation represented by the colony, highlighted by Virginia legislature's official apology to native Americans. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0504/p01s02-ussc.html?page=1 5/3/07 As a killer goes unpunished, residents of Blackfeet Indian Reservation in Montana complain of lack of police enforcement by Bureau of Indian Affairs. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414948 4/14/07 Justice Department report shows American Indian women suffer higher abuse victimization rate than any other population element. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414830 3/16/07 Native American and white western history compete for space at the Montana Historical Society Museum, and the whites mostly win. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414659 3/13/07 Washington state native American tribes "celebrate" the 50th anniversary of the elimination for the construction of a power-generating dam of a falls on the Columbia River that had sustained a native economy based on salmon harvest. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003613860_celilo12m.html 3/5/07 New York's Governor supporting plan to build a gambling casino in Catskills operated by St. Regis Mohawk tribe. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414597 2/22/07 Diabetes at epidemic level among native Americans, incidence level as high as 60% in some communities. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414517 2/17/07 1500 survivors of the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe of Indians in Massachusetts who celebrated the first Thanksgiving with the pilgrims are finally granted sovereignty recognition following a 32-year battle which ends when the tribe agrees not to try to open a casino. http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-6419242,00.html 2/2/07 Nez Perce Indians in Montana want to "re-establish their relationship" with buffaloes; by hunting them that is. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414394 1/31/07 Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians votes to double the size the Harrah's gambling casino operation in Cherokee, North Carolina. http://www.citizen-times.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200770130088 1/26/07 New chairman (Dorgan) of Senate Indian Affairs Committee pledges vigorous effort to improve quality and availability of medical services on reservations. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414405 1/15/07 California native Americans who initially accepted EPA superfund construction on tribal sites grow increasingly critical as "cultural montoring" of the project reveals more instances of artifacts being unearthed and dumped. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414346 1/5/07 Proposal to have a separate Indian Affairs committee in the House of Representatives is scuttled by Democratic leadership. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414315 12/23/06 2006 is termed a "turnaround year" for native Americans in the growth of language revitalization programs instituted by tribes across the country. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414216 12/15/06 Federal agencies are seeking co-operation with tribal authorities in anti-drug trafficking program to combat a perceived "crisis" in meth trafficking in American western tribes. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414183 12/10/06 Alaskan natives are resisting efforts of anthropologists to create a world-wide DNA study of indigenous peoples to try to chart the pre-historic period of migrations. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/us/10dna.html?th&emc=th 12/3/06 U.S. Supreme Court denies state of Michigan the right to assess property taxes on Indian tribes or their members within the state. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414110 11/27/06 Animal protection versus Native American religious rights: judge dismisses case of native American who killed an eagle for religious ritual purposes. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414059 11/24/06 Indian Community School of Milwaukee is one of at least 150 schools in the nation designed to help children connect to their native heritage. Located both on and off Indian reservations, the schools are growing in popularity. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/22/AR2006112201679.html?referrer=email 11/18/06 Recent elections brought a record number of 10 native Americans, all Democrats, into the state legislature. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096414040 11/16/06 Chances for passage of Indian Health Care Improvement Act improve with Democratic victories in Congress. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?feature=yes&id=1096413999 10/12/06 Stiffing the Indians: in a case pending before Supreme Court, BP Oil tries to evade royalty payments for oil and gas from San Juan Basin, an Apache Indian reservation area in New Mexico and Colorado. http://newstandardnews.net/content/index.cfm/items/3750 10/8/06 Seattle Tewa Indian activist describes how Venezuela came to offer cheap oil to American tribes as a "gesture of indigenous solidarity. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413786 8/24/06 National Guard is setting up "observation posts" at the Arizona/Mexico border on tribal lands, and the natives regard the operation as an "invasion." http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?feature=yes&id=1096413502 8/18/06 Native Americans continue their campaigns to try to get sports team to change their mascots and logos from those which stereotype Indians. http://newstandardnews.net/content/index.cfm/items/3546 8/12/06 American Indian activists are trying to get the U.S. Patent office to deny the right of the Washington pro football team to call itself the "Redskins." http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?feature=yes&id=1096413463 7/2/06 Native American lawyer answers the question of U.S. official in charge of "Indian affairs" as to why whites are still so mistrusted by Indians; is it because of their "long memories" of unjust treatment? No, says the lawyer, it's the ongoing injustices like discriminations against Indian gaming operations and the under-funding of tribal social services that feed the continuing resentment. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413241 7/2/06 "Energy corridors" specified in 2005 federal energy act provide for power transmissions lines across western public lands in narrowed strips; power companies want wider corridors and there is no solution to the issue of their crossing native tribal lands without regard to tribal sovereignty. http://www.helenair.com/articles/2006/07/02/montana_top/a01070206_01.txt 6/5/06 FEMA turns down South Dakota Senator's request that trailers that had been used to house Katrina victims to re-located to help alleviate housing crisis in native American areas of the West. http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413085 3/17/06 Western Shoshone draw encouragement from UN Rights commission's condemnation of U.S. treatment of their tribe: http://www.zmag.org/content/newstandard.cfm?itemid=2954 3/9/06 Native American artifacts are being retrieved from Ameican museums by tribes: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/08/AR2006030801953.html?referrer=email 3/1/06 Maricopa County, Arizona's special drunk driving courts for indigenous and Spanish-speaking people raises charge of racial discrimination: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/national/01phoenix.html?th&emc=th 2/6/06 Navajos resist "settlement" plan by which they have to move to make way for a mining project for the tribe's economic benefit: http://www.truthout.org/docs_2006/020506C.shtml Books:
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Analysis & views: 9/29/08 Life expectancy (average age at death) drops to 48 for Seminole Indians in Florida drops to 48, compared to 73 for the state at large. http://www2.tbo.com/content/2008/sep/29/me-seminoles-are-dying-before-age-50/ 12/30/07 Cui bono the Seminole gambling deal? Ft. Lauderdale Sun Sentinel feature article shows that tribal leaders and some of their closest friends stand to make large financial gains in the acquisition of additional land required for the expansion of casino and hotel operations. 12/4/07 Did Governor Crist have the right to make the deal on casino gambling that he made with the Seminole Tribe? It's in the courts. http://www.sptimes.com/2007/12/04/Columns/Even_the_governor_has.shtml 12/3/07 Disaster of sudden wealth hits Florida Seminole teenagers. With the tribe now awash in profits from casino gambling, free school tuition and guaranteed annual incomes, its children experience the fate of so many other "lottery winners": the restlessness associated with the loss of traditional values of hard work and sobriety, as an upswing is noted in high school dropouts and alcohol and drug consumption. Will success spoil them? It already has. 11/29/07 Seminole Tribe of Florida, having grown wealthy by its casino operations, is still able to obtain substantial federal goverment grants. A tribal leader justifies these grants as a matter of entitlement, whether one has a penny in his pocket or a dollar in his pocket. 11/28/07 South Florida Sun Sentinal continues series on Seminole Tribe leaders who use their tribal leadership to enrich themselves and their families. 11/27/07 South Florida Sun Sentinel continues its investigation of the effects on the Seminole Tribe of Florida of the tremendous wealth that the tribe's gambling operations have brought to tribal members. This installment focuses on the contrast in the lavish mansions of tribal leaders on the Big Cypress reservation, compared to the much more modest living styles of most Seminoles. 11/27/07 Federal probe of financial irregularities of Seminole tribal leaders is said not to effect the implementation of the deal for gambling operations in Florida between the Governor and the tribe. http://www.miamiherald.com/top_stories/story/322015.html 11/25/07 Much wealth comes to Seminole Tribe of Florida with its gambling operations, but weak oversight may result in abuses. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/state/sfl-semday1newsbnov25,0,4778776.story 6/5/07 Native American artifacts are found on the bottom of dried out Lake Okeechobee. 12/8/06 ''The days when tribes were considered marginal people with a bingo hall are over'' says a gaming consultant after Seminole Tribe of Florida purchases Hard Rock International for $965 million, whose 68 Cafes in 45 countries and other operations are expected to generate a half million a year in revenue. http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/16190978.htm 11/24/06 Seminoles to NCAA: do us no favors, please! Seminole tribe responds to NCAA sanctions against FSU for its use of an Indian mascot by embracing the use of the mascot and the University's classes in Seminole history and complains of the NCAA's breach of "tribal sovereignty." http://gainesville.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061124/LOCAL/211240310/1078/news
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